ᑲᑊᗱᑯᑎᑊᓀ / ᓴᑋᕲᑯᑨᓀ
K’áshogot’ine (Hare) / Sahtúgot’ine (Bearlake)
North Slavey Syllabarium 

Below is the complete North Slavey Syllabarium, using only characters defined by Unicode. Unicode places all finals at the top-line, where Dene requires some finals to be top-line, some mid-line, and some baseline. The location of the final is vital to correct pronunciation. Please note that your browser may not be able to accomodate the mid-line and baseline finals.

The North Slavey Syllabarium is based on the French/Catholic tradition, which is also used by the Chipewyans of the North-West Territories.

The traditional K’áshogot’ine (Hare) syllabary did not differentiate all of the distinct sounds (phonemes) of the language, e.g. writing /j/ and /ch’/ with the same symbol. In general, this likely causes little difficulty for fluent speakers who can infer the correct phoneme from context. The Practical Syllabics system represents a more accurate rendering of Dene sounds.

The onsets in (round brackets) were not included in the chart, because the sound is written with two symbols (digraph). Digraphs are written with a “final” plus a syllabic. Symbols in {curly brackets} represent sounds which appear in the “finals” column of the chart.

Tone is not written. The traditional system uses the Roman period 〈.〉 instead of the syllabic version 〈᙮〉. The asterisk * indicates the following word is a proper name.

Notes:

1. Here the ogonek or “hook” accent (as in standard Roman orthography) 〈ą〉 stands for "nasal vowel". A nasal vowel (V̨) without a consonant onset gets unique characters in Unicode, but nasal vowel which is part of a consonant-vowel syllable (CV̨) does not, and must be, in Unicode, a combination of two glyphs.
2. Please see Note 2 on the Denesųłįne Page which gives a detailed discussion of these sounds. In the Hare Syllabics text, the ᑋ final appears before a vowel (e.g. ᑋᐁ) to represent /he/, and when at the end of a syllable, is also pronounced /h/. This practice is not followed for Chipewyan. Glottal stops are not indicated at the beginnings of words. The sound /h/ is often simply left out of syllabics texts.
3. The symbol “ρ” (the Greek letter rho) is used on the missionary chart for the sound /gh/. However, the final ᙆ is described as “r”. This is because the French ʀ is very close in sound to /gh/. The K’áshogot’ine 〈r〉 is a alveolar tap (a Spanish “r” or North American English “d” in “ladder”), and included in the d-series. French words, especially names like Marie and Pierre, are written as ᒪᖋ “maghi” and ᐱᔦᙆ “biyer”
4. There is some confusion as to the status of the three sounds given on the chart as “foua, foue…”, “koua, koue”, and “kkfoua, kkfoue…”. The missionary who adapted Chipewyan syllabics to Hare must have noticed the sound correspondences between the two languages. So where Chipewyan has /ddh/, /tth/, /tth’/, /dh/, and /th/, Hare has /gw/, /f/, /w’/, /w/, and /w/ respectively.
   • The syllabic characters match somewhat between the two languages, so that where Chipewyan has ᒐ for /ddh/, Hare uses the same symbol for /gw/, written “koua, koue…” by the French missionary.
   • The 1800’s /wh/ sound transcribed “foua, foue…” corresponds to the Chipewyan /th/ sound. Today, this sound is pronounced /f/, merging with the 1800’s /f/ which matches Chipewyan /tth/.
   • The ᕮ-series in Chipewyan is used for /tth/ or /tth’/—no distinction was made for ejective vs. aspirated stops. However, the reflexes in Hare, /f/ and /w’/ are different enough to have merited different symbols (see above). The chart labels this series “kkfoua, kkfoue…” which leads one to suppose that the sound is [kw’], but this sound does not exist in modern Hare, and is instead /w’/.
5. “v” is not a distinctive sound in K’áshogot’ine, although it is in the neighbouring language Shihgot’ine (Mountain Slavey).
6. The modern day Hare dialect has changed some instances of 1800’s /n/ into /r/; this was obviously not reflected in the early syllabics.