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Dakota: Ihą′ktʿųwą-Ihą′ktʿųwąna, Ihaƞktuƞwaƞ-Ihaƞktuƞwaƞna (Yankton-Yanktonai)

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Yankton-Yanktonai Dakota is one of the five main language divisions within the Dakotan group of the Siouan family. These languages are Dakota (Santee-Sisseton), Dakota (Yankton-Yanktonai), Lakota (Teton), Nakoda (Assiniboine) and Nakoda (Stoney). Yankton is primarily spoken in Yankton South Dakota, while Yanktonai is spoken mainly in Crow Creek and Standing Rock, South Dakota and in Fort Peck, Montana.

There have been many orthographies for the language which have been devised by: native speakers, linguists, and missionaries. On this page, the sounds of the language are first described in a linguistic representation. Equivalents from a few other orthographies are then given.

Note:  There are several Roman Orthography conventions on this site that may require further explanation.  On the charts below, there is lots of phonetic terminology that may not be familiar to everyone.

This page uses no characters outside the Unicode standard.

Community Names

  • Crow Creek
  • Fort Peck
  • Standing Rock
  • Yankton

Consonants in Siouanist Orthography

  bilabial alveolar palato-alveolar palatal velar rounded velar glottal
voiceless stop
p
t
č
k
ʔ
aspirated stop
pʰ
tʰ
čʰ
kʰ
ejective stop
pˀ
tˀ
čˀ
kˀ
voiced stop
b
 d
g 
voiceless fricative
s
š
x
h
ejective fricative
sˀ
šˀ
xˀ
voiced fricative
z
ž
γ
nasal / resonant
m
n
y
w

Vowels in Siouanist Orthography
front
back
high
i
u
high nasalised
į
ų
mid
e
o
low
a
low nasalised
ą

Notes

  • Stress is shown by the ácute accent.

Dakota Orthographies

Sioiuanist Deloria 1932 Ullrich 1992 SICC Net Siouan Sioiuanist
p p p p̄ p p
pʰ pʿ ph p ph pʰ
pˀ pʾ p’ p’ p? pˀ
b b b b b b
m m m m m m
w w w w w w
t t t t̄ t t
tʰ tʿ th t th tʰ
tˀ tʾ t’ t’ t? tˀ
d d d d d d
s s s s s s
sˀ sʾ s’ s’ s? sˀ
z z z z z z
n n n n n n
č c č c̄ c^ č
čʰ cʿ čh c̀ c^h čʰ
čˀ cʾ č’ c̀’ c? čˀ
š ṡ š s̀ s^ š
šˀ ṡʾ š’ s̀’ s^? šˀ
ž ż ž j z^ ž
y y y y y y
k k k k̄ k k
kʰ kʿ kh k kh kʰ
kˀ kʾ k’ k’ k? kˀ
g g g g g g
x ḣ ȟ ḣ h^ x
xˀ ḣʾ ȟ’ ḣ’ h^? xˀ
γ ġ ǧ ġ g γ
ʔ ʾ ’ ’ ? ʔ
h h h h h h
i i i i i i
į į iƞ iƞ iN į
u u u u u u
ų ų uƞ uƞ uN ų
e e e e e e
o o o o o o
a a a a a a
ą ą aƞ aƞ aN ą
primary stress a′ á - a’ primary stress
secondary stress a‵ - - - secondary stress
Sioiuanist Boas & Swanton, Deloria 1910/1932 Ullrich 1992 SICC Net Siouan Sioiuanist

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Last Update: February 23, 2008