Orthographies in chronological order

The following table ilustrates the historical development of orthographies. The head of each column displays the name and the year of emergence of the orthography (usually named after its author) and the year of its emergence. It is not possible to illustrate all the aspects of an orthography within the table, thus by clicking on the head of a column you can view an additional description of the particular orthography.

Riggs Bible 1834 Riggs dict. / gramm.
1852		 Boas & Swanton
/Deloria 1910 / 1932		 Buechel Bible 1924 Buechel grammar 1939 Buechel's dictionary - manuscript. Buechel's published dictionary edited by Manhart
1970		 tradi-tional native C.U. 1970 White Hat 1973 / 1999  Jan  Ullrich   1992  Txakini  Net Siouan Phonetic key
not fully phonemic not fully phonemic not fully phonemic not fully phonemic fully phonemic fully phonemic not fully phonemic not phonemic not phonemic fully phonemic fully phonemic fully phonemic fully phonemic (except for stress) fully phonemic
an aƞ ą an aƞ aƞ aƞ an ą aƞ aƞ an aN ã
in iƞ į in iƞ iƞ iƞ in į iƞ iƞ in in ĩ
un un ų un uƞ uƞ uƞ un ų uƞ uƞ un un ũ
on on on oƞ oƞ oƞ on
g g g g g g g g g g g g g ɡ
ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ǧ ġ ǧ gx ɣ
ḣ ḣ ḣ ḣ ḣ ḣ ḣ ḣ/r ȟ ḣ ȟ x h^ x
ḣ’ ḣ’ ḣ’ ḣ’ ḣ’ (ḣ’) ȟˀ ḣ' ȟ’ x' h^? x’
c ć c c c c c/ċ c č c̄ č c c^ ʧ
c‘ c‘ ch čh ċ čh ch c^h ʧʰ
ç ç c’ c’ c’ c’ c’ c’ čˀ c' č’ c' c? ʧ’
k k k k k k (k̇) k k k̄ k k k k
k‘ k‘ kh k kh k kh kh kh kʰ
(k‘) k̇ kȟ kx kˣ
q ķ k’ k’ k’ k’ k’ k' kˀ k' k’ k' k? k’
p p p p p p (ṗ) p p p̄ p p p p
p‘ p‘ ph p ph p ph ph ph pʰ
(p‘) ṗ pȟ px pˣ
p p’ p’ p’ p’ p’ p' pˀ p' p’ p' p? p’
t t t t t t (ṫ) t t t̄ t t t t
t‘ t‘ th t t th t th t‘ th tʰ
(t‘) ṫ tȟ tx tˣ
t ţ t’ t’ t’ t’ t’ t' tˀ t' t’ t' t? t’
s s s s s s s s s s s s s s
ş s’ s’ s’ s’ s’ (s') sˀ s' s’ s' s? s’
ś ś ś ś ś ś ś ś/s š ṡ š sh s^ ʃ
ś’ ś’ ś’ ś’ ś’ ś’ (ś') šˀ ṡ' š’ sh’ s^? ʃ’
j ź ź j j ź j j/ź ž j ž zh z^ ʒ
(see note) (see note) ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ ʔ ' ’ ’/' ? ʔ
stress
NO		 stress
NO		 stress
YES		 stress
NO		 stress
YES		 stress
YES		 stress
YES		 stress
NO		 stress
YES		 stress
YES-NO		 stress
YES		 stress
NO		 stress
YES
Characters which all the orthographies agree upon
a a
e e
i i
o o
u u
b b
h h
l l
m m
n n
w w
y y
z z

Note: Riggs failed to distinguish most glottal stops following consonants, basically he marked only k’ (with q), c’ (with a subscript dot) and t’ (with a subscript dot). He did not mark glottal stop after ḣ, ś, s.